A Ponca story told by the Omaha Indian Frank La Flèsche to James Owen Dorsey, published in 1890. The text is transcribed in Ponca using the Omaha-Ponca notation, interleaved with Dorsey’s English gloss. There is also a natural English translation of the story provided.
This article (part 2 of 2) describes the process of grammaticalization of the Omaha-Ponca (Siouan, North American) morpheme ama in terms of RRG, including examples employing it in its various stages of grammaticalization.
The three main syntactic functions of the Omaha-Ponca morpheme ama (auxiliary, article, evidential) in their various uses and their semantics and functional variants are analysed under the hypothesis of grammaticalization in different stages. This is part 1 of 2 parts of the article.
During the great migration of the Degiha tribes, after the Omaha and Ponca separated from the Osage and the Kansa, they continued north to the sacred pipestone quarries, where they encountered resistance by the Dakota and finally had to relocate to the Plains.
Orally transmitted history of the great Degiha tribes migration to their later homelands in the Great Plains (Omaha, Ponca, Osage, Kansa, Quapaw) and accounts by Europeans from the 16th and 17th century on.