A fragmentary survey with focus on Siouan
Osage grammar and examples database
Some Osage grammatical elements featured in the examples
ID | Abbreviation | Explanation | Examples | |
---|---|---|---|---|
20 | A1P | first person plural agent | 21 | → show examples |
17 | A1S | first person singular agent | 31 | → show examples |
49 | A1S→ | portmanteau wi. cf. '←AGT'. | 1 | → show examples |
21 | A2P | second person plural agent | 0 | |
18 | A2S | second person singular agent | 14 | → show examples |
22 | A3P | third person plural agent | 4 | → show examples |
19 | A3S | third person singular agent | 37 | → show examples |
5 | AGT | agent | 1 | → show examples |
16 | CAUS | causative | 17 | → show examples |
2 | CONT | continuative | 67 | → show examples |
35 | DAT | dative | 9 | → show examples |
3 | DECL | declarative | 66 | → show examples |
26 | DUAL | dual | 0 | |
48 | EMPH | emphatic | 2 | → show examples |
10 | EP | epenthesis | 27 | → show examples |
50 | ERG | ergative | 6 | → show examples |
40 | EVID | evidential (e.g. 'they say'; hearsay; witnessed him/herself) | 1 | → show examples |
9 | FUT | futur | 14 | → show examples |
39 | HAB | habitual | 0 | |
27 | IMM | immediate | 1 | → show examples |
46 | INCP | inceptive, beginning of an action | 1 | → show examples |
47 | INDF | indefinite (article), can be singular or plural (e.g. 'a', 'some'). Also quantificational. Opposed to DEF, which is referential. | 1 | → show examples |
37 | INJ | injunctive (e.g. 'let me ...', 'let's ...') | 2 | → show examples |
42 | INST | instrumental (e.g. 'by means of ...') | 6 | → show examples |
38 | INST.by.hand | instrumental, do something using the hand(s) | 2 | → show examples |
34 | ITER | iterative | 3 | → show examples |
14 | LOC | locative | 8 | → show examples |
31 | P1P | first person plural patient | 7 | → show examples |
28 | P1S | first person singular patient | 26 | → show examples |
32 | P2P | second person plural patient | 0 | |
29 | P2S | second person singular patient | 33 | → show examples |
33 | P3P | third person plural patient | 14 | → show examples |
30 | P3S | third person singular patient | 25 | → show examples |
4 | PAT | patient | 0 | |
7 | PL | plural | 40 | → show examples |
6 | PREV | pre-verb | 74 | → show examples |
12 | PRON | pronoun / pronominal | 10 | → show examples |
41 | RCPR | reciprocal | 2 | → show examples |
15 | REFL | reflexive | 17 | → show examples |
8 | SG | singular | 1 | → show examples |
45 | SIT | sitting (usually a connotation of an aspect marker referring to | 3 | → show examples |
44 | STA | standing (usually a connotation of an aspect marker referring to | 8 | → show examples |
43 | STAS | stasis, stationary, non-moving | 6 | → show examples |
1 | SUBJ | subject marker | 7 | → show examples |
36 | SUU | suus (subject's own) | 11 | → show examples |
13 | VAL | valence (reducer) | 12 | → show examples |
11 | ←A1S | portmanteau: theme 2SG < experiencer 1SG. Cf. 'A1S→' | 10 | → show examples |
Source: Compiled mainly from the examples in this database. |