68 Osage verb stems

ID Verb root Word class Morphological type Grammatical function Description Notes Examples Filed under
193 áalõði (áa_lõði) V STEM STEM forget 1 example
179 azã V STEM lie down 5 examples
82 aðée (a_ðée) V STEM STEM go 1 example
52 aðĩ (a_ðĩ) V STEM STEM carry 1 example
86 cˀe V STEM STEM kill 2 examples
15 é V PREV PREV pre-verb Element of the verb before the root. Between pre-verb and root are slots for PAT and AGT inflection.
120 hkió̃ðe V STEM STEM separate, divorce (lit. 'throw each other away') based on ó̃ðe 'throw away'
8 íbrã (í_brã) V STEM STEM be sated with, have enough of 11 examples
93 iihõ (ii_hõ) V STEM STEM ask 1 example
107 iiná̃hĩ (ii_ná̃hĩ) V STEM STEM agree 1 example
112 íšcewai (í_šcewai) V STEM STEM dress up Exhibits paradigmatic fluidity with regard to active/stative inflection, according to Quintero. 5 examples
104 iðáahpe (i_áahpe) V STEM STEM wait According to Quintero, ð is epenthetic with all i-verbs between i and accented á. 4 examples
178 kaakšĩce V STEM miss (like a target) Compound form of (cf.) kšĩce involving the instrumental kaa 'by striking'. 2 examples →04. Instrumentals
172 kaaléke V STEM shatter, break by hitting Transitivized léke ~ hleke 'break' by combination with INST kaa. →04. Instrumentals
198 kaaskíke VS STEM STEM be tired 1 example
180 kaazá̃ V STEM scold (lit., lie (somebody) down, i.e. slam (somebody)) compound form of ACC kaa and azã 3 examples →07. Ergative kaa
42 káaɣe V STEM STEM make 2 examples
100 kípã (_kí_pã) V STEM STEM invite another
190 kíšupe V pay, pay back, pay him/her This is the historical stem, which got reinterpreted to ki + šupe. Therefore today šupe is the stem and ki the patient 3rd dative marker. 7 examples →02.The morpheme kaa
67 kó̃ða (kó̃_ða) V STEM STEM want 1 example
177 kšĩce V STEM miss There are several - possibly lexicalized - compound form variants involving prefixes, cf. kaakšĩce. 2 examples →07. Ergative kaa
79 kʔo V STEM STEM belch
122 kˀó̃he V STEM STEM lay into
173 léke ~ hléke V STEM break, shatter intransitive 2 examples
84 lúuža (_lúuža) V STEM STEM wash 1 example
22 mã V PREV PREV
131 mãði V STEM STEM go 1 example
111 nakˀó̃ V STEM STEM listen 1 example
85 ochí̃ (o_chí̃) V STEM STEM hit 1 example
121 ohkíõðe (o_hkíõðe) V STEM STEM toss oneself into a place based on ó̃ðe 'throw away' 1 example
160 okábra V STEM STEM disperse transitive or intransitive
123 ókˀõhe (ó_kˀõhe) V STEM STEM interrupt, (lit.) lay oneself into Based on kˀó̃he 'lay into' 1 example
192 ožú V? put.inside 1 example
61 ó̃õðe V STEM STEM Toss, throw away, leave behind
60 ó̃ðe V STEM STEM toss, throw away, leave behind According to the dictionary (Quintero 2010) ó̃õðe. 1 example
99 pã V STEM STEM call
37 pahõ V STEM STEM Know
45 šcewa V STEM STEM dress up
175 sí̃ce V STEM close
159 šká̃ VI STEM STEM start; move; change of state 1 example
157 šoce V STEM STEM smoke, suck, drink 1 example
191 šupe V STEM STEM pay The modern stem for 'pay', while historically it was kíšupe, reinterpreted by speakers as dative marked form ki-šupe 'pay him' 2 examples →02.The morpheme kaa
124 táa V STEM STEM freeze 1 example
91 waašká̃ (waa_šká̃) V STEM STEM do one's best
102 walĩ V STEM STEM stingy mono- or ditransitive 2 examples
194 wanõbre (wa_nõbre) V STEM STEM dine 1 example
127 wéena (wée_na) VS STEM STEM be grateful 1 example
14 wĩ V PREV PREV Pre-verb Element of the verb before the root. Between pre-verb and root are slots for PAT and AGT inflection.
92 wí̃kše (wí̃_kše) V STEM STEM be truthful 1 example
90 ðaacé V STEM STEM name (V)
83 ðaaché (_ðaaché) V STEM STEM eat 1 example
7 ðãaše VS STEM STEM cherish ('honour') 2 examples
47 ðaawá V STEM STEM count 1 example
158 ðaaxó̃ V STEM STEM break with the mouth ðaa INST.by.mouth + xó̃ 'break'. Cf. ðiixó̃ ~ ðuuxó̃ 'by hand break'. 2 examples →04. Instrumentals
105 ðée V STEM STEM go 1 example
89 ðihice V STEM STEM buy
168 ðiihíce V STEM STEM tease Is u/i invariant, as opposed to other similar words; contrasts to ðuuhúuce 'pull'. Contrasts by the ii to čf. ðihice 'buy'. 1 example →Variation in u / i
163 ðiišúhpe ~ ðuušúhpe V STEM STEM open (like a door lock) Speakers tolerance for u/i (and uu/ii) variation, often in the context of ð. 1 example →Variation in u / i
166 ðiixí ~ duuxí V STEM STEM wake up (causative) Speakers tolerance for u/i (and uu/ii) variation, apparently mostly with INST/CAUS ðuu 'by hand'. →Variation in u / i
164 ðiixó̃ ~ ðuuxó̃ V STEM STEM break by hand, cause (with the hands) something to break Cf. ðaaxó̃ 'break by mouth'. Variation uu/ii, apparently mostly with INST/CAUS ðuu 'by hand'. 1 example →04. Instrumentals
→Variation in u / i
55 ðiizíðe V STEM STEM stretch 1 example
165 ðiižóži ~ ðuužóži V STEM STEM hurt (causative) Speakers tolerance for u/i (and uu/ii) variation, apparently mostly with INST/CAUS ðuu 'by hand'.. →Variation in u / i
4 ðĩke V STEM STEM NEG lack, be none, be gone, be absent, extinct, nonexistent Also functions as a semantic negation marker. 3 examples
57 ðísã v STEM STEM turn, turn back
117 ðísã V STEM STEM turn, turn back, turn around 2 examples
169 ðuuhúuce V STEM STEM pull Is u/i invariant, contrasts to cf. ðiihíce 'tease'. 1 example →Variation in u / i
167 ðuumáši V STEM STEM pull up, raise This is u/i invariant as aopposed to cf. ðiihíce ~ ðuuhúce 'pull down', which is i/u variant. →Variation in u / i
→04. Instrumentals
88 ðuwĩ V STEM STEM buy 4 examples